{"id":11296,"date":"2021-03-26T09:14:22","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T08:14:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tic.cheb.cz\/?p=11296"},"modified":"2021-03-26T09:15:48","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T08:15:48","slug":"kdyz-byl-cheb-druhym-hlavnim-mestem-cech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tic.cheb.cz\/en\/kdyz-byl-cheb-druhym-hlavnim-mestem-cech\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e byl Cheb \u201edruh\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem\u201c \u010cech"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad a jeho evropsk\u00fd m\u00edrov\u00fd pl\u00e1n <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0v\u00fduky d\u011bjepisu je Cheb zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee tu byl v\u00a0roce 1634 zavra\u017ed\u011bn Albrecht z\u00a0Vald\u0161tejna. Kdo by v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee se hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed bude jmenovat po slavn\u00e9m vojev\u016fdci, asi se podiv\u00ed, \u017ee se jmenuje n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Kr\u00e1le Ji\u0159\u00edho z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou bezradn\u00ed, proto\u017ee o tomto kr\u00e1li (1420-1471) ve \u0161kole ani nesly\u0161eli. Ve skute\u010dnosti jeho v\u00fdznam v\u0161ak dalece p\u0159esahuje hranice \u010cech a v\u00a0Chebu byl v\u017edy v\u00edt\u00e1n, zat\u00edmco Vald\u0161tejnovy pobyty, spojen\u00e9 s ubytov\u00e1n\u00edm, verbov\u00e1n\u00edm a\u00a0 vysok\u00fdmi kontribucemi, m\u011bstu sotva p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely d\u016fvod k\u00a0nad\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed trp\u011blo v\u00a0polovin\u011b 15. stolet\u00ed d\u016fsledky husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek. Ladislav I. (<em>Pohrobek<\/em>, pozn. p\u0159ekl.) byl p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu na tr\u016fn t\u0159in\u00e1ctilet\u00fd. Proto byl Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad pov\u011b\u0159en c\u00edsa\u0159em Jind\u0159ichem III. a rovn\u011b\u017e \u010desk\u00fdmi stavy k\u00a0veden\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Pot\u00e9, co Ladislav u\u017e ve v\u011bku 17 let zem\u0159el, stavy zvolily roku 1458 Ji\u0159\u00edho nov\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n<p>Tento kr\u00e1l byl pouze 165 cm vysok\u00fd a korpulentn\u00ed, m\u011bl obli\u010dej pon\u011bkud deformovan\u00fd sr\u016fstem zlomen\u00fdch \u010delistn\u00edch kost\u00ed. N\u011bmecky mluvil jen m\u00e1lo, jezdil v\u0161ak st\u00e1le do Chebu, nebo\u0165 v\u00a0tomto m\u011bst\u011b \u2013 na z\u00e1padn\u00ed hranici sv\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u2013 vych\u00e1zel vst\u0159\u00edc sv\u00fdm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm partner\u016fm, aby zde vedli m\u00edrov\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sporn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek. Cheb tak byl \u201edruh\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem\u201c a m\u011bl v\u00a0Ji\u0159\u00edm z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad ochr\u00e1nce, jen\u017e mu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el blahobyt a politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Kv\u016fli t\u011bmto kr\u00e1lov\u00fdm n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1m, p\u0159i nich\u017e se setk\u00e1val s\u00a0mocn\u00fdmi Evropy t\u00e9 doby, byly opravov\u00e1ny hradby, radnice a mosty; krom\u011b toho byl postaven i tane\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i prvn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b v roce 1459 se poda\u0159ilo kr\u00e1li sm\u00edrn\u011b ukon\u010dit dlouholet\u00fd spor. V\u00a0chebsk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b byla stanovena hranice mezi \u010cechami a Saskem po v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor a st\u0159edem Labe. Toto veden\u00ed hranice je platn\u00e9 bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn dodnes. Druh\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva na podzim t\u00e9ho\u017e roku m\u011bla pojistit v\u00fdsledky on\u011bch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 s\u0148atkem kr\u00e1lovy teprve desetilet\u00e9 dcery Zde\u0148ky s v\u00e9vodou Albrechtem III. Sask\u00fdm, o \u0161est let star\u0161\u00edm (napln\u011bn\u00ed s\u0148atku bylo pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no a\u017e na rok 1464).<\/p>\n<p>Za t\u0159et\u00edho pobytu (1461) \u0161lo o c\u00edsa\u0159e Friedricha III., jeho\u017e panovnick\u00e1 slabost se st\u00e1vala ne\u00fanosnou, pon\u011bvad\u017e nem\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pl\u00e1n obrany proti tureck\u00e9mu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Ji\u0159\u00edho pokus<\/p>\n<p>o spojenectv\u00ed proti \u201earcilenochu Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e\u201c v\u0161ak ztroskotal.<\/p>\n<p>Roku 1467 kr\u00e1l dorazil do Chebu je\u0161t\u011b jednou, na svatbu sv\u00e9ho syna Jind\u0159icha s\u00a0Vor\u0161ilou, dcerou braniborsk\u00e9ho kurfi\u0159ta Albrechta Achilla.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 1462 sestavil Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1n evropsk\u00e9 federace, kter\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00eddal spole\u010dn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 instituce jako vojsko, rozpo\u010det, soudnictv\u00ed, zastoupen\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f, asyl, spr\u00e1vu a znak.<\/p>\n<p>Navrhoval vytvo\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e9ho parlamentu ze z\u00e1stupc\u016f v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Prvn\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed se m\u011blo konat v Basileji, jako o prvn\u00edm p\u0159edsedaj\u00edc\u00edm uva\u017eoval o francouzsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1li Ludv\u00edku XI. Tento p\u0159edch\u016fdce Evropsk\u00e9 unie m\u011bl \u0159e\u0161it v\u0161echny konflikty m\u00edrovou cestou a vzdorovat spole\u010dn\u00fdmi akcemi tureck\u00e9mu ohro\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy, je\u017e dos\u00e1hlo pr\u00e1v\u011b B\u011blehradu. Tak by Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad dos\u00e1hl evropsk\u00e9ho sjednocen\u00ed, je\u017e se mohlo uskute\u010dnit a\u017e<\/p>\n<p>o 500 let pozd\u011bji. Proslul\u00fd historik a st\u00e1tn\u00edk Franti\u0161ek Palack\u00fd k\u00a0tomu psal: \u201eDo\u0161la-li by tato idea napln\u011bn\u00ed, dala by d\u011bjin\u00e1m Evropy jin\u00fd, blahod\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br\u201c. Av\u0161ak n\u00e1vrh evropsk\u00e9 federace p\u0159edb\u011bhl svou\u00a0 dobu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u2013 a spolek panovn\u00edk\u016f by zpochybnil autoritu c\u00edsa\u0159e a pape\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd m\u00edrov\u00fd pl\u00e1n ztroskotal p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na tom, \u017ee Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad \u2013 jako prvn\u00ed z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l \u2013 byl nekatol\u00edk. Mezi evropsk\u00fdmi panovn\u00edky byl tedy jen outsider, a tak se nedali p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit. M\u00edsto toho jej jeho protivn\u00edci hanili jako \u201ehusitsk\u00e9ho\u201c nebo \u201ekac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9ho\u201c kr\u00e1le. Roku 1466 nov\u011b zvolen\u00fd pape\u017e Pavel II. Ji\u0159\u00edho z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad exkomunikoval, i kdy\u017e teprve 1458 pape\u017e Pius II. jeho jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1lem p\u0159ijal (a to jen proto, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd Z\u00e1pad ohro\u017eovalo tureck\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed). Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak pape\u017e vyz\u00fdval ke k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 v\u00fdprav\u011b proti kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdm \u010cech\u00e1m. Navzdory o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tuto v\u00e1lku proti \u201ekac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li\u201c vedl Ji\u0159\u00edho ze\u0165, katolick\u00fd uhersk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Maty\u00e1\u0161 Hunyadi (Maty\u00e1\u0161 Korv\u00edn). Tak ztroskotala Ji\u0159\u00edho m\u00edrov\u00e1 politika.<\/p>\n<p>Vodnatelnost\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00ed kr\u00e1l zem\u0159el p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi protivn\u00edky ve v\u011bku 51 let. Pro sv\u00e9 protivn\u00edky byl pouze \u201etlust\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem\u201c, kter\u00fd se jako kac\u00ed\u0159 zmocnil moci proti bo\u017e\u00ed v\u016fli. Jeho p\u0159\u00edznivci v\u0161ak litovali jeho \u00famrt\u00ed jako trag\u00e9die, a to nejen pro \u010cechy.<\/p>\n<p>Cheb z\u016fstal \u2013 navzdory klatb\u011b \u2013 politicky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, co\u017e zd\u016fvodnil v\u011brnost\u00ed kr\u00e1li Ji\u0159\u00edmu z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad. Tento postoj m\u011bsta s\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdm obyvatelstvem v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li hodnot\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed historici jako p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fd, nebo\u0165 se \u201epoda\u0159ilo \u2026 ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m p\u0159ekonat nacion\u00e1ln\u00ed, politick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 z\u00e1brany a ustavit pevn\u00e9 oboustrann\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 vztahy\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Text poch\u00e1z\u00ed z publikace Cheb &#8211; Waldsassen, autora G\u00fcnthera Juby<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159eklad: Jind\u0159ich Noll<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad a jeho evropsk\u00fd m\u00edrov\u00fd pl\u00e1n &nbsp; Z\u00a0v\u00fduky d\u011bjepisu je Cheb zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee tu byl v\u00a0roce 1634 zavra\u017ed\u011bn Albrecht z\u00a0Vald\u0161tejna. Kdo by v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee se hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed bude jmenovat po slavn\u00e9m vojev\u016fdci, asi se podiv\u00ed, \u017ee se jmenuje n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Kr\u00e1le Ji\u0159\u00edho z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou bezradn\u00ed, proto\u017ee o tomto kr\u00e1li [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-info-z-mesta"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kdy\u017e byl Cheb \u201edruh\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem\u201c \u010cech | TIC Cheb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tic.cheb.cz\/en\/kdyz-byl-cheb-druhym-hlavnim-mestem-cech\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kdy\u017e byl Cheb \u201edruh\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem\u201c \u010cech | TIC Cheb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ji\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad a jeho evropsk\u00fd m\u00edrov\u00fd pl\u00e1n &nbsp; Z\u00a0v\u00fduky d\u011bjepisu je Cheb zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee tu byl v\u00a0roce 1634 zavra\u017ed\u011bn Albrecht z\u00a0Vald\u0161tejna. Kdo by v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee se hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed bude jmenovat po slavn\u00e9m vojev\u016fdci, asi se podiv\u00ed, \u017ee se jmenuje n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Kr\u00e1le Ji\u0159\u00edho z\u00a0Pod\u011bbrad. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou bezradn\u00ed, proto\u017ee o tomto kr\u00e1li [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tic.cheb.cz\/en\/kdyz-byl-cheb-druhym-hlavnim-mestem-cech\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TIC Cheb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/mestocheb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-26T08:14:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-03-26T08:15:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tic.cheb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/chdomostrroh02-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1083\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"795\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marcela Braba\u010dov\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marcela Braba\u010dov\u00e1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tic.cheb.cz\\\/en\\\/kdyz-byl-cheb-druhym-hlavnim-mestem-cech\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tic.cheb.cz\\\/en\\\/kdyz-byl-cheb-druhym-hlavnim-mestem-cech\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marcela Braba\u010dov\u00e1\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tic.cheb.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3fbc50e523df4614a6c2880336209f5f\"},\"headline\":\"Kdy\u017e byl Cheb \u201edruh\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem\u201c 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